Titulação de Terra e a Reforma Agrária

Historicamente, para as mulheres, os direitos de controle da terra sempre foram adquiridos com maior facilidade por herança.

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Elas integram mais de 40% da força de trabalho agrícola em países em desenvolvimento e detém menos de 20% das propriedades de áreas de plantação.

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Sendo o controle sobre a terra sinônimo de riqueza, elas acabam dispondo de menos tecnologias, crédito agrícola, renda e saúde.

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No Brasil, no qual o conflito por terra está nas raízes que construíram a colônia, império e democracia, a Reforma Agrária da primeira década do século XXI foi a mais redistributiva do continente.

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A Instrução Normativa 981/2003 e Instrução Normativa 38/2007 dão prioridade às mulheres chefes de família e atribuição conjunta obrigatória de terra aos casais em assentamentos da reforma agrária.

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Essa conquista vem de anos de articulação, que na esfera pública busca reconhecimento de seus trabalhos na agricultura, direitos trabalhistas, políticas para produção alternativa e saúde do campo.

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São exemplos: Movimento de Mulheres Agricultoras (1983), Movimentos de Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais em diverso estados (1986) e as mulheres do Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (1984).

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Um ponto de virada neste cenário é a Marcha das Margaridas de 2000, que levou 20 mil mulheres rurais a Brasília.

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Essa política sofreu revés no governo Bolsonaro. Em entrevista ao Jornal Nacional, ele afirmou que “teria pacificado o MST com a titulação de terras e que as mulheres foram as maiores beneficiadas”.

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Mas as mulheres do MST explicam porquê isto é mentira.

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Tal titulação se refere é uma ação de privatização, que desvincula famílias de programas de benfeitoria e aumenta a vulnerabilidade de gênero no campo e o assédio do agronegócio sobre os territórios.

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Bem diferente do que propõem as Instrução Normativa 981/2003 e Instrução Normativa 38/2007.

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Mulheres e Terra: Direitos, Lutas e Consequências da Desigualdade no Campo

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